麻省理工大学李巨教授团队在Joule期刊发表研究成果,提出了一种新型混合溶剂化电解液(HSEs)用于钠金属电池。通过合理选择分子强溶剂化溶剂和弱溶剂化溶剂的比例,可以调控电解液的溶剂化结构,实现电化学稳定性、离子电导率和循环极化之间的优化平衡。
在实验中,研究人员通过系统筛选,开发出50种HSEs体系,研究溶剂与钠离子的溶剂化效应和钠金属沉积过程。发现最佳的1M NaFSI DMTMSA/THF比例为4:1,该电解液在3.0 mA/cm2的高电流密度下循环稳定,平均库仑效率达99.3%,循环极化仅为80 mV。
在这种HSEs体系下,分层的溶剂化结构与钠离子形成CIP/AGG溶剂化物,阻止了电解液与钠金属负极和钠正极的直接反应,提高了电化学稳定窗口和循环可逆性。与传统电解液相比,HSEs的氧化窗口更宽、离子电导率更高,可实现更高电流密度和电压循环。结合光谱和镀钠测试,阐明了HSEs可以诱导均匀致密的钠沉积,有效抑制枝晶生长和溶剂分解。
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