Participants

Gregory McNiff; Investor Relations; Clearfield Inc

Cheryl Beranek; President, Chief Executive Officer, Director; Clearfield Inc

Daniel Herzog; Chief Financial Officer; Clearfield Inc

Matthew Cavanagh; Analyst; Needham & Company Inc.

Timothy Savageaux; Analyst; Northland Securities

Scott Searle; Analyst; Roth Capital Partners, LLC

Presentation

Operator

Good day, and welcome to the Clearfield fiscal first-quarter 2025 conference call. (Operator Instructions) As a reminder, this conference is being recorded.
I would now like to turn the conference over to Greg McNiff, Investor Relations for Clearfield. Please go ahead.

Gregory McNiff

Thank you. Joining me on today's call are Cheri Beranek, Clearfield's President and CEO; and Dan Herzog, Clearfield's CFO.
As a reminder, Clearfield published a quarterly shareholder letter, which provides an overview of the company's financial results, operational highlights, and future outlook. You can find both the shareholder letter and the earnings release on Clearfield's Investor Relations website. After brief prepared remarks, we will open the floor for a question-and-answer session.
Please note that during this call, management will be making remarks regarding future events and the future financial performance of the company. These remarks constitute forward-looking statements for purposes of the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements.
It is important to also note that the company undertakes no obligation to update such statements, except as required by law.
The company cautions you to consider risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements contained in today's press release, shareholder letter, and on this conference call. The Risk Factors section in Clearfield's most recent Form 10-K filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission and its subsequent filings on Form 10-Q provide a description of these risks.
With that, I would like to turn the call over to Clearfield's President and CEO, Cheri Beranek. Cheri?

Cheryl Beranek

Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us today to discuss Clearfield's results for the first quarter of fiscal 2025. I will start by highlighting some key themes and then turn it over to Dan for a summary of our performance and outlook. For more detailed information, please refer to our shareholder letter posted on the IR section of our website.
We are pleased to share that we reported first quarter fiscal 2025 net sales of $35.5 million, in line with our guidance range, while the net loss per share of $0.13 was smaller than our guidance range. Net sales for our Clearfield segment increased 6% year over year. Our quarterly revenue performance aligns closely with our expectations, reflecting our steady progress towards normalized growth.
I would like to briefly discuss some high-level industry trends, which we addressed in more detail in our shareholder letter. As the rural broadband deployment model evolves, Clearfield continues to adapt to industry dynamics with new products. Our goal is to establish Clearfield as the one-stop shop for active cabinet deployments similar to our success with passive cabinet lines. To that end, our FiberFlex cabinet line addresses the shift of electronics from the central office closer to the end user.
Additionally, our recently announced StreetSmart Ready Connect Terminal addresses key operator needs such as space constraints, ease of installation, and long-term reliability. We've also observed that many operators are initiating new multi-year projects. We view this dynamic as a strong positive signal as it demonstrates a level of demand and commitment independent of government funding and reflects the success of our ongoing efforts to strengthen customer relationships and consistently deliver exceptional customer service.
To ensure we are able to address this trend, we continue to work with our customers to establish programs that provide better mutual visibility going forward and ensure we're well positioned to meet our customers' needs.
Turning to the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment, or BEAD program. We continue to expect that it will contribute more meaningfully to revenue starting in fiscal 2026. While we acknowledge near-term uncertainties due to the change in the US administration and associated delays, we are pleased with the program's initial progress and remain optimistic about its long-term potential.
Specifically, the NTIA has approved the final proposals for Louisiana, Nevada, and Delaware. Moreover, the majority of these awards went to local fiber providers.
In the near term, we expect the improved outlook driven by the ongoing reduction in inventory, coupled with the shift to the second phase of the Enhanced Alternative Connect America Cost Model, or E-ACAM program, to serve as the growth catalysts for fiscal 2025.
I'd also like to address the subject of the possible introduction of tariffs on Mexican goods. Our Mexican and US manufacturing sites were strategically designed to provide redundancy, cost optimization, and dual sourcing capabilities. In addition, our product lines are BABA compliant, which provides the option for a Build America, Buy America alternative. While we cannot eliminate the potential cost increases of this tariff, our long-term experience, managing past tariff impacts, enables us to respond quickly and to mitigate any potential cost increases wherever possible.
Additionally, our Asian sourcing program has been in place for over a decade, supported by a strong network of proven suppliers who have consistently partnered with us to optimize our quality and who have been expanding their manufacturing footprints in non-Chinese locations. The tariffs imposed on Chinese goods that went into effect on February 4, 2025, adds to the existing tariffs that have been placed upon Chinese products entering the US over the recent years.
Given the fluid and uncertain nature of the situation, our priority remains maintaining the strong partnerships and relationships built with our suppliers and customers and optimizing the supply chain to reduce the impact whenever possible.
I'd now like to pass the call over to our CFO, Dan Herzog, who will provide an overview of our financial results for the fiscal quarter 2025 as well as to share our outlook.

Daniel Herzog

Thank you, Cheri, and good afternoon, everyone. I will now review our first-quarter results, beginning with sales.
Consolidated net sales in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 were $35.5 million, a 4% increase from $34.2 million in the prior-year first quarter and within our guidance range of $33 million to $38 million. This figure includes $29.7 million of Clearfield segment net sales, up 6% year over year and $5.8 million of Nestor segment net sales, down 6% year over year.
Net sales met our expectations as we generated increased revenue from connected homes, highlighting our continued progress towards becoming a comprehensive portfolio supplier for our customers. We anticipate this trend will continue moving towards a 2:1 ratio of connected homes to passed homes as operators prioritize cash flow generation over deployments while awaiting government funding.
Our strong bottom-line performance and continued gross margin improvements were primarily driven by lower excess inventory reserve costs driven by improved utilization and recoveries of previously reserved inventory.
We recently opened a new facility in Estonia, accelerating microduct production from near 0 to a projected $7 million for the current fiscal year. This growth aligns with our strategy to enhance European operations by focusing on higher-margin solutions. We believe that the inventory overhang within our primary market, community broadband has predominantly cleared. Based upon these trends, we are reiterating our fiscal 2025 outlook of net sales in the range of $170 million to $185 million.
We anticipate Clearfield segment annual revenue growth to be in line with or above industry forecast of 12.5% for fiscal 2025. While Europe continues to face economic challenges and geopolitical tensions, we are anticipating improved margins but flat annual revenue in our Nestor segment for fiscal year 2025.
In line with the strong quoting activity for the build season we've observed, we anticipate second quarter fiscal 2025 net sales in the range of $37 million to $40 million. Due to some unexpected cost savings in the first quarter fiscal 2025, we anticipate second quarter gross margins to be more closely aligned with our original first-quarter assumptions. We expect to generate a net loss per share in the range of $0.16 to $0.21 in the second quarter of fiscal 2025.
As Cheri noted, we are actively monitoring the evolving tariff situation and diligently developing contingency plans. However, due to the uncertainty of the tariff situation, our full-year 2025 and second fiscal quarter guidance does not yet account for any potential impact they may have on our business operations.
And with that, we will open the call to your questions.

Question and Answer Session

Operator

(Operator Instructions) Ryan Koontz, Needham.

Matthew Cavanagh

This is Matt Cavanagh on for Ryan. You saw strength in large regional this quarter. Could you please expand on how many customers were material in that segment and whether they're buying connected products, passing products or a mix of both?

Cheryl Beranek

Hi, Matt. Our large regionals, that's a multiple number of providers, so it's more than one, so it's about a handful. I would say it's more -- I'd look at that more as kind of project and lumpy business within it and that you saw that we had large regionals were down last quarter. So they're up this quarter. They tend to take off of their purchase orders bigger numbers at one period of time to consolidate shipping costs and the like.
So I would look at that less as a trend and more as a continuation of our opportunities to work with those providers.
And the product lines are predominantly still on passing homes. So we still have room to grow there in regard to working with those portfolio customers, or those customers to create them into portfolio customers so they take a broader range of our product line. (multiple speakers) Yeah, good stuff.
I was going to say it's probably in the neighborhood of three that are over $1 million in sales. So it's not -- and then like I said, half a dozen or more total. So I wouldn't -- like I said, it is trend, from the fact that it's not a single customer, but I'd be careful to identify it as being too big of a jump at this point.

Matthew Cavanagh

Great. Thanks. That's really helpful. And to follow up, I understand you're not guiding for the full year. But what kind of visibility do you have going into the rest of the fiscal year as it relates to customer forecasts, new designs, orders, and lead times going forward?

Cheryl Beranek

Yeah. Well, we're really pleased right now in the level of quoting activity that we saw at the tail end of last year -- or the quarter, November and December and now in the January period. Just a level of people getting reengaged quoting for the summer, acknowledging that they no longer have the inventory that they had last year. So that's just a really exciting period for us.
I think the best part of the visibility in that we don't -- because of our lead time, which is about, on average, about four weeks for most products, the customers aren't in a position of really looking at providing long-term purchase agreements or purchase contracts. What we're looking to do is putting together kind of supply agreements rather than necessarily long-term purchase orders.
But we are seeing some better trends of them talking to us about their needs for the year, long-term orientation. And then getting -- like I talked about some of the projects in there are multi-year projects. And so we're seeing some -- because of that visibility into not only this year but next year as well. Which is really -- we need to give it a little bit of time to see all of the other external factors how that influences next year. But right now, definitely seeing positive indicators.

Operator

Tim Savageaux, Northland Capital Markets.

Timothy Savageaux

Good afternoon and congrats on some solid looking results.

Cheryl Beranek

Thank you.

Timothy Savageaux

You're welcome. I just answered my own question here. But when you talk about growth for the -- you're basically separating out Nestor when you're talking about your overall guidance range and then Clearfield segment growth of 12.5%. Am I looking at that the right way?

Cheryl Beranek

Right, right. I think the -- we really have such two different businesses and two different markets that we felt it was appropriate at this point to provide some more visibility to our shareholders than what we have been providing previously. The US market is in a better position than the European market. And certainly, our position in the US market is far more developed than anything that we have in Europe.
We're very optimistic about our position in community broadband and leveraging our position in community broadband. And we have grown with and in advance of the market in the US and see every reason that we would continue in that fashion.
From a Nestor standpoint, we're really proud of the work that is being done to reinvent -- I mean to reinvent Nestor into a higher value-added solution provider. They've always had a very strong quality program for their cable. And it's just the lack of demand for cable right now against some of the Asian dumping that's happening in Europe that we've really had them focused on new products and new product designs that are higher gross margin.
Really proud of the microduct world. And looking strategically at the right kind of products. As an example, microduct is a higher-margin product because you can't ship microduct cost effectively. It's like shipping air. So you don't have the price competition from the agents that you do if you're providing cable. So it's a much better long-term solution.
So yes, you can look at the forecast as being Nestor as flat revenues and then looking at the Clearfield segment is growing at market or above market rates.

Timothy Savageaux

Got it. That's super helpful. I'm sure I got that. Want to come back to the part of the commentary around many operators initiating new multi-year projects. I wonder if you can give us some more color there.
I don't know if that oversets with the regional question that you were just discussing or whether this is a large number of smaller carriers, but can you give us an example or two or just a feel for what you're seeing there and the breadth of that?

Cheryl Beranek

Right. It's more community broadband. So not in -- I mean, large regionals have always had some really nice multi-year project. We're seeing some of the smaller emerging regionals working with us on multi-year agreements. I mean, I think it's -- as an example, TDS is in a really good place to start their build.
They are smaller, they're regional, but not a big one, but haven't been involved in the fiber market yet. And we have been actively working with them for a couple of years now on their fiber plans and have been a provider for them, for historical builds, non-big fiber-to-the-home for over a decade. So that's an exciting one that we're working on.
In Community Broadband, what we're seeing on the multi-year builds, some of them are new municipal and/or utility who haven't been involved previously and then seeing kind of the emergence of venture funding and VC capital in some of these spaces where they're looking to Clearfield because of our cost savings and have a more pragmatic look because of the multi-year build.
There are certainly some in the space who are building to flip their networks and they tend to have a much more cost-centered approach rather than a long-term operating approach. And so we certainly are facing some of those headwinds, but we know who our core customer group is and who they will be as they start emerging into this space.
And the fact that there are more providers today than there were a year ago, I think, is one of the most exciting parts about Community Broadband because it's not only growing with the market, but it's the number of new entrants and who need the support of a company like Clearfield who has feet on the street to support them.

Timothy Savageaux

Great. And one more for me. And that is on the sort of dynamic versus homes passed versus homes connected that you've been called out in the release or a shareholder letter or both. And I guess I wanted to see, obviously, you've said in the past you generate more revenue from a home connected.
But where are we in the process of that homes connected metric building? And what sort of implications does that have for the business? It seems like positive for the top line or anything on margins, et cetera.

Cheryl Beranek

Right. We've built Clearfield really on -- with the reputation of being a strong cabinet supplier and that our passive cabinets are -- really are world-class and can compete against the biggest companies in the world. And it goes back to the days where the cabinet line was chosen by Google. And so we can see our history of quality in passing homes.
Historically, we weren't cost effective in connecting a home because we had to buy product from Corning or Costco or one of our competitors in order to manufacture drop cables and then we had to buy connectors from them as well. And so, we really couldn't compete historically unless it was a special run, a special distance or quick turn.
Now with our own cable manufacturing line and the development of our own connectors, as well as some of the emergence now of OptiTap compatible solutions that are available in the marketplace, we can certainly be cost effective and we can continue to be able to provide custom lengths and quick turn on all things that we did historically as well.
And so we have approached kind of a 50-50 split between the revenue associated with homes connected and passed currently. That's kind of the threshold that we're at today. With the amount of revenue per home available at a 40% take rate, we should be closer to a 2:1 ratio if we had a broader number of customers who are also using our product lines to connect.
And so that has been a big initiative for us last year and one that we continue. And I think we're going to see an even bigger opportunity there as people work down their inventory levels.
And while Clearfield's revenues are down, our inventory levels are down, one of our obstacles still remains competitors' inventory levels. That are either some of our existing customers or prospective customers are holding.
So long term from a margin standpoint, connected home products and passed home products are very similar. So it doesn't influence our gross profit that way. But it does influence gross profit because connected home products have a high labor count. And so the higher the labor count, the more utilization of our US and Mexican factories and the better our overhead is absorbed. So we look to that to be one of the good ways for us to be able to utilize the capacity and resources that we've built over the years.

Operator

Scott Searle, ROTH Capital Partners.

Scott Searle

Cheri, Dan, nice to see, it looks like putting the bottom from a revenue standpoint here and building going forward. Maybe just to dig in on the community broadband opportunity, down sequentially in December, which is consistent with, I think, what other vendors saw during the quarter.
But I'm wondering now as you start to engage and look out over the course of calendar '25, are you seeing that start to build back up being driven by E-ACAM? Are these BEAD -- potential BEAD customers that are building out in non-BEAD markets? What's kind of the profile right now that's starting to come back in terms of those build cycles? Because it's still sort of a pre-BEAD environment right now.

Cheryl Beranek

Yeah, definitely pre-BEAD. We're seeing request for BABA pricing. So there's a lot of people doing planning and quoting and getting involved in the BEAD program as we've moved -- as each of the different states move to the next level. So quoting activity for BEAD is up from a BABA orientation, but it's certainly not business yet.
But the quoting activity that I referred to earlier isn't just about the BABA compliant. It's really across the Board. It does include E-ACAM business, but it includes a number of non-government-funded initiatives. So it's more venture-funded or privately backed within the company itself. And I think that's the part of the business that has always been the most exciting for me.
Even though BEAD is big money, what's exciting to me is the fact that when you're using your own money and you're investing in your own networks and you find that fiber is the best return on investment, that naturalized supply and demand is the most healthy way to build a business. And I think that's the long-term viability of our organization. So yeah, I think, really exciting in that way.
The Community Broadband initiative, I'd say that one of the things that surprised us a little bit right now is how good it feels in regard to how early in the year people are getting ready for the build season, the commitment to it and being able to want to make sure that they know what they're going to order and how they're going to order it. So I'm anticipating that we're going to have a really good booking quarter.
Probably our quarter this last quarter was like a 1:1 booking ratio. Approximately our backlog went up about $1 million. I'm anticipating -- I guess, I'm getting a little bit out of my skis here, but I'll go for it. I think we'll have a backlog bigger than what it is today when we go into next quarter, getting ready for build season to end and making sure that we have the materials in place that people are needing.

Scott Searle

That's great. Very helpful. And Cheri, just to clarify, though. So for Community Broadband, you would expect sequential growth in going forward over the next couple of quarters, absent BEAD, right? For BEAD for you, you've been consistent on this fiscal '26. Okay.

Cheryl Beranek

Yeah, absolutely.

Scott Searle

And maybe if I could, and this -- I know this has been sort of murky out there from a market standpoint, but the BEAD process, right? We've got three states that have actually been approved by the NTIA. There are expected to be some changes within the organization.
Does the BEAD process continue? What are you hearing back from the states in terms of how the process is going to evolve, change going forward?

Cheryl Beranek

I mean it's been very clear that the program is going to change, but I don't think the process necessarily is going to change. The parts of the program that have been very deliberately -- I guess, I was going to use the word attacked, but reviewed, are some of the incremental overhead costs that were added.
The costs associated with administration, the environmental reviews. Certainly, the diversity and equity issues are certainly going to be removed. So more of the funding will be used for direct build and less for some of the with the current administration calls, the social program aspect of it.
So all of our service providers are believing that that will change. And most of them are supporting those changes because it streamlines their process and puts more money in their potential pocket.
I would -- as it relates to some of the BEAD review and the words that are coming out from the new NTIA administrator that she's not as necessarily fiber-friendly as the people in the past. I think the past administration were fiber advocates, but I don't think they were fiber at all cost. We've always believed and supported the BEAD program was a heterogeneous program that we use the right technology for the right space.
Some homes cannot be economically reached by fiber, and we knew that from the beginning and are expecting that those awards will be mixed. But I hope that the administration will look at this as being an infrastructure build for long-term enhancements and not a quick turn, I want to make somebody happy program.
We can absolutely go to a satellite program, turn it on today and improve a lot of people's performance for a short period of time. But it won't work long term because we don't have the density. The satellites don't have the density to offer it, and it's not building infrastructure. Five years from now, those satellites have to be replaced. And then there'll be more money put into it.
So we're hoping that cool heads will prevail and the right decisions will be made that will be most cost-effective long term.

Scott Searle

Very helpful. And if I could just finish up on gross margins, Dan. This quarter, down a little bit sequentially. It sounds like some one-time benefits are not there. But implied in the back half of the fiscal-year guidance is an uptick in revenues. Could you give us an idea of what we should be expecting from a gross margin standpoint?
And then just to clarify the earlier BABA compliant comments. The Mexican facility under the Maquiladora arrangement, does that make BABA compliant, so that there would not be any necessarily implications to manufacturing in that current facility if, in fact, there were Mexican tariffs? Thanks.

Daniel Herzog

Yeah. Hi, Scott. The fact that it's Maquiladora doesn't change. It's still across the border. And so you're still going to be considered manufactured in Mexico, and there's certainly rules around -- sometimes it's the country of origin, how much comes from the US, that is -- and labor, the labor is done in Mexico. So there's some rules around that that we navigate, but it doesn't change the fact that we still have to go through to hit the 55% or whatever the rules are for the BABA things.
As far as the margins, they're going to be a little bit volume dependent. We did have some nice absorption, nice labor heavy products this quarter, some one-time things that helped us out. We'll probably be a little bit more consistent with what our first-quarter guide was, which I think what your analyst estimates were pretty correct.
So we won't be significantly higher here in the second quarter. However, as the volume goes up as we head towards our guidance level, then you'll be getting into the lower 20s to the mid-20s. Certainly by the fourth quarter, that's the goal.

Operator

Thank you. And there are no further questions at this time. I'll now turn the call back over to Cheri Beranek for closing remarks.

Cheryl Beranek

Thank you. We are pleased to be in a position to be delivering on the forecast that we had originally provided and the overall market trends that we indicated nearly a year ago.
We are in the U-shaped recovery that we anticipated. We see that U-shaped recovery being part of our build season and are looking forward to seeing the uptick of that U in third and fourth quarter as the build season commences and then as we move forward into next year, knowing that this year, our build season will come on top of an E-ACAM program and then next year, the BEAD program will be layered in on top.
So this U-shaped recovery that we saw a year ago or anticipated a year ago is here. We're excited to be a major player within it, and we look to our shareholders to stay patient with us just a little bit longer as the market corrects itself. Excuse me, and I look forward to speaking with you again in the next quarter.

Operator

Thank you. And that concludes today's conference. All parties may disconnect. Have a good day. Thank you.