全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)因其优异的耐热、耐油和耐水性,广泛应用于半导体、灭火泡沫和不粘炊具等领域。然而,PFAS在环境中难以降解,被称为“永久化学物质”,对环境和人类健康构成严重威胁。目前,国际公约已禁止使用PFAS,但缺乏高效且可持续的去除技术。
日本东京科学研究所的研究团队开发了一种新型碳基材料,用于去除水中的PFAS。团队利用木质素(纸浆和造纸工业的副产品)和葡萄糖作为碳源,合成了可持续的吸附剂,并结合膜蒸馏(MD)技术净化受PFAS污染的水。MD方法利用PFAS与水的沸点差异,通过疏水性多孔碳膜分离PFAS,仅允许水蒸气通过。实验表明,经MD处理后,水中全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)浓度从500纳克/升降至3纳克/升,远低于全球环境标准。
此外,团队还发现,少量经氯化锌处理的活性炭可在10分钟内去除99%的PFAS。未来,研究团队计划用太阳能加热替代传统加热器,开发无电净化系统。这项研究为开发可持续的PFAS去除技术提供了新思路,有望解决这一持久性环境问题。
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