【券商聚焦】华泰证券:美国3月CPI整体弱于预期

金吾财讯
11 Apr

金吾财讯 | 华泰证券表示,美国3月CPI整体弱于预期。核心CPI环比从2月0.23%降至0.06%,低于彭博一致预期的0.3%,核心CPI同比为2.8%,低于预期的3.0%;CPI环比从2月的0.22%降至-0.05%,同比降至2.4%,均低于预期。3月通胀虽明显降温,但对市场而言,关税及其影响仍然是主要影响因素,因此市场对本次数据的反应较为平淡:联储降息预期变化不大,长端收益率则延续上行,而美股开盘后出现回落。正如该行在《快评特朗普对等关税再“变脸”》(2025/4/10)中所述,由于特朗普反复拉动关税“手风琴”,虽然4月9日关税回撤短期提振市场风险偏好,但中长期不改、甚至可能加剧全球资产配置“去美元”的趋势,该行维持美元资产估值相对压缩的判断。从分项来看,核心CPI中的大部分分项均有所降温,但波动较大的学校住宿与运输服务对通胀回落贡献较大。虽然3月通胀明显降温,但关税是当下市场和联储决策的核心变量,对“关税前”数据的反应较为平淡,关注4月增长和通胀数据的变化。虽然3月CPI数据整体偏弱,但由于特朗普关税政策在过去一周导致全球金融市场大幅动荡,虽然短期有所缓和,但关税政策不确定性仍然较高,特别是已经生效的关税对增长和通胀数据的影响。根据里士满联储主席表态,关税对美国国内通胀冲击或体现在6月。3月FOMC纪要显示联储担忧关税对通胀的影响;近期联储官员也强调需看到关税影响真正落地才会降息,因此降息节奏或高度依赖于关税对硬数据的影响何时显现。若4月就业数据不出现大幅恶化、金融条件不出现大幅收紧,该行预计联储前置降息概率较小,5月降息仍不是基准情形。

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