Some say volatility, rather than debt, is the best way to think about risk as an investor, but Warren Buffett famously said that 'Volatility is far from synonymous with risk.' It's only natural to consider a company's balance sheet when you examine how risky it is, since debt is often involved when a business collapses. We note that Seatrium Limited (SGX:5E2) does have debt on its balance sheet. But should shareholders be worried about its use of debt?

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Why Does Debt Bring Risk?

Debt assists a business until the business has trouble paying it off, either with new capital or with free cash flow. If things get really bad, the lenders can take control of the business. However, a more usual (but still expensive) situation is where a company must dilute shareholders at a cheap share price simply to get debt under control. Having said that, the most common situation is where a company manages its debt reasonably well - and to its own advantage. When we examine debt levels, we first consider both cash and debt levels, together.

What Is Seatrium's Net Debt?

The image below, which you can click on for greater detail, shows that Seatrium had debt of S$2.64b at the end of December 2024, a reduction from S$3.02b over a year. On the flip side, it has S$1.95b in cash leading to net debt of about S$686.4m.

SGX:5E2 Debt to Equity History April 14th 2025

How Strong Is Seatrium's Balance Sheet?

Zooming in on the latest balance sheet data, we can see that Seatrium had liabilities of S$7.59b due within 12 months and liabilities of S$3.56b due beyond that. On the other hand, it had cash of S$1.95b and S$5.46b worth of receivables due within a year. So it has liabilities totalling S$3.73b more than its cash and near-term receivables, combined.

This is a mountain of leverage relative to its market capitalization of S$5.89b. Should its lenders demand that it shore up the balance sheet, shareholders would likely face severe dilution.

Check out our latest analysis for Seatrium

In order to size up a company's debt relative to its earnings, we calculate its net debt divided by its earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) and its earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) divided by its interest expense (its interest cover). This way, we consider both the absolute quantum of the debt, as well as the interest rates paid on it.

Seatrium has a very low debt to EBITDA ratio of 1.3 so it is strange to see weak interest coverage, with last year's EBIT being only 1.9 times the interest expense. So while we're not necessarily alarmed we think that its debt is far from trivial. Notably, Seatrium made a loss at the EBIT level, last year, but improved that to positive EBIT of S$196m in the last twelve months. When analysing debt levels, the balance sheet is the obvious place to start. But it is future earnings, more than anything, that will determine Seatrium's ability to maintain a healthy balance sheet going forward. So if you're focused on the future you can check out this free report showing analyst profit forecasts .

Finally, a business needs free cash flow to pay off debt; accounting profits just don't cut it. So it's worth checking how much of the earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) is backed by free cash flow. Over the last year, Seatrium recorded negative free cash flow, in total. Debt is usually more expensive, and almost always more risky in the hands of a company with negative free cash flow. Shareholders ought to hope for an improvement.

Our View

To be frank both Seatrium's conversion of EBIT to free cash flow and its track record of covering its interest expense with its EBIT make us rather uncomfortable with its debt levels. But at least it's pretty decent at managing its debt, based on its EBITDA,; that's encouraging. Looking at the balance sheet and taking into account all these factors, we do believe that debt is making Seatrium stock a bit risky. That's not necessarily a bad thing, but we'd generally feel more comfortable with less leverage. Above most other metrics, we think its important to track how fast earnings per share is growing, if at all. If you've also come to that realization, you're in luck, because today you can view this interactive graph of Seatrium's earnings per share history for free.

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